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Factbox: Energy firms bet big on carbon capture projects in U.S., Canada

A view of Shell's Quest Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) facility in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada, October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Todd Korol/File Photo

March 10 (Reuters) - Energy companies are making big investments in carbon capture projects, in their bid to slash greenhouse gas emissions to achieve net-zero goals.
WHAT IS CCS?
A carbon capture and storage (CCS) process captures carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from industrial activity, transports it, and then stores it underground.
GOVT SUPPORT
The United States has committed $3.7 billion to finance such projects and meet its goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.

The Inflation Reduction Act offers direct air-capture projects a per-tonne credit of $180 versus $50 previously.
CURRENT SCENARIO
** Around 80 projects seek to be operational before 2030, and the International Energy Agency's (IEA) data shows the U.S. could
     see CO2 capture capacity increase five-times to over 100 metric tons (Mt)  CO2 annually.

** Canada has around 15  projects in various phases of development, says IEA.

Reuters Graphics
Here are some North American companies investing in CCS projects:
United States
Exxon Mobil Corp (XOM.N)

** Exxon Mobil is advancing plans for over 20 CCS opportunities globally, including options for producing low-carbon hydrogen.

** Exxon, Japan's Nippon Steel Corp (5401.T), and Mitsubishi Corp (8058.T) will also jointly study CCS and value-chain establishments in the Asia-Pacific region.

Chevron Corp (CVX.N)

** Chevron in 2021 announced a unit, which manages around nine carbon capture, utilization, and storage ventures in Americas and six in the Asia-Pacific region.

ConocoPhillips (COP.N)

** ConocoPhillips is evaluating making a CCS hub on the U.S. Gulf Coast. Its 25,000-acre position in southeast Louisiana has been identified as a potential hub.

Occidental Petroleum Corp (OXY.N)

** Occidental Petroleum formed Oxy Low Carbon Ventures for its carbon capture, utilization and emissions reduction operations, and is currently involved in about nine carbon innovation projects.

** Its spending on lower-carbon projects will at least double to $200 million this year.

EQT Corp (EQT.N)

** EQT's alliance is developing low-carbon and hydrogen hubs in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.

Air Products and Chemicals Inc (APD.N)

** Air Products operates a large-scale system to capture CO2 from its reformers at its Texas refinery.

** The firm will invest $4.5 billion to build-own-operate a blue hydrogen production facility to capture over five million Mt per year of CO2, and will be operational in 2026.

** The company, along with the Canadian government, is also building a net-zero hydrogen energy complex to capture over 95% of CO2 from feedstock natural gas.

Archer-Daniels-Midland Co (ADM.N)

** ADM has been operating CCS wells in Decatur for over a decade and plans to expand their capacity.

** The company aims to connect its corn processing facilities in Iowa to existing CCS wells in Decatur through a CO2 pipeline built and operated by Wolf Carbon Solutions. read more

Phillips 66 (PSX.N)

** The refiner is eyeing emission cuts from its Humber refinery in England with Shell Plc's carbon capture technology.

** The project, expected to start in 2027, would capture at least 95% of the refinery's CO2.

Marathon Petroleum Corp (MPC.N)

** MPC, which is part of three alliances, captured about 478,000 tonnes of CO2 in 2021.

Valero Energy Corp (VLO.N)

** Valero and BlackRock are partnering with Navigator Energy Services to develop a pipeline system by late-2024, with a capacity to store up to 5 million Mt of C02 per year.

Delek U.S. holdings Inc (DK.N)

** Delek acquired 3Bear, which has a sequestration well permit in the U.S, and has invested in two carbon capture start-ups.

Oilfield services companies SLB(SLB.N), Baker Hughes Co(BKR.O) and Halliburton Co(HAL.N) are developing new technology for CCS projects.

Canada

** Six companies, representing 95% of oil sands production, created the Pathways Alliance for net-zero emissions by 2050.

** The group wants to store CO2 at a hub in Alberta by 2030, and it could cost C$16.5 billion.

Suncor Energy (SU.TO)

** The oil major agreed to invest in carbon capture technology firm Svante Inc in 2021.

Enbridge Inc (ENB.TO)

** The pipeline operator and Occidental Petroleum announced in November they would develop a CO2 sequestration hub in the Texas Gulf Coast.

** ENB also has agreements with Capital Power Corp (CPX.TO) and Heidelberg Materials to store CO2 at its Alberta storage facility.

TC Energy Corp (TRP.TO)

** Pembina Pipeline Corp (PPL.TO) and TC Energy are developing transportation and sequestration systems to transport over 20 million tonnes of CO2 annually.

Canadian Natural Resources Ltd (CNQ.TO)

** Its CCS facilities have a combined capacity of 2.7 million tonnes.

Cenovus Energy Inc (CVE.TO)

** The company operates two projects, which capture about 89,000 tonnes of CO2.
** Cenovus plans to implement CCS at two plants and add one at Lloydminster.